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System Software | Device Drivers | Part - 2

Device Driver is a software & this is a type of system software. Driver are need for all the hardware installed in the computer because these drivers help to connect the hardware to the operating system, Without drivers the operating system will not give any commands. "The Driver acts like a bridge between the O/S & Hardware" Which Devices need Drivers : All hardware devices that are unknown to the operating system or Components that the operating system does not understand, drivers are need for them. Some device drivers come with hardware which is available in the CD & Some hardware requires drivers to be downloaded from the internet.  List of hardware device that require drivers : Card Reader Modem Motherboard Chipset Printer Web Cam Wi-fi Adapter Scanner Controller USB Devices Video Card Sound Card Which Devices not need Drivers : Nowadays, many drivers come in the operating system, due to which some hardware does not require drivers tha...
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What is Software | Definition, Types | System Software - Operating System And Translators Part - 1

Software is a set of Computer Programs, procedures and documentation that performs different tasks on a computer system.(Software is a set of instructions, data and programs used to operate computers and is designed to perform a well-define for specific tasks).

"Collections of Programs is Software" 'The term Software was first used by John Turkey in 1958'

Computer software consists of a machine language that comprises groups of binary values, which specify processor instructions. Computer software is a language in which a computer speaks. Without software computer is a useless.

Examples : Operating System, Windows, Linux and Mac, Firefox, Google Chrome, Antivirus, Audio/Video, Gmail, Database, Games etc.
Software are two types

A) System Software 
B) Application Software

A) System Software - System software is a set of programs that control and mange the operations of computer hardware. It help application programs to execute correctly.
  • The system software as a package which consists of various programs required for the functions of the computer itself. 
  • It is also needed for the translation, loading, controlling and running of the programs.
  • It controls the execution of programs on the computer.
  • It helps the development of Software.
  • It helps in running computer hardware and computer system. System software refers to the operating system, device drivers, servers, windowing system and utilities.
  • The system software is installed on your computer when you installed your operating system.
  • It generates the user interface and allow the operating system to interact with the hardware.
  • System software controls all processing activities and make sure that the recourses and the power of the computer are used in most efficient manner.
  • System Software runs at the most basic level of your computer, it is called "Low - level" software.
  • The programs that are part of the system software include assembler, compiler, file management tools, system utilities and debuggers.


The system software can categorized into four parts 
  1. Operating System
  2. Language Processors (Assemblers, Complier, Interpreters)
  3. Device Drivers
  4. Utility Program

Operating System

This is set of programs that controls and supports hardware and provide various services which are used for better performance of computer. The operating system acts a link between the software and hardware. It controls and record of the execution of all other programs that are present in the computer including application programs and other system software.

The Major functions of O.S. are
  • It assigns processors to tasks.
  • It manages memory and other storage areas.
  • It acts as a command interpreter.
  • File management.
  • Input-Output management.
  • Establishing data security & Integrity.
  • Maintains account of processor time for billing purposes.
  • Provides data and time services.
  • Error-Detecting Aids.
  • Scheduling.
The operating system can be classified as Single User and multi-user〘number of users working on it at a point of time〙and multi-tasking operating system.
「 Single User Operating System - MSDOS 」
「 Multi User Operating System - UNIX, Linux 」
「 Multi Tasking Operating System - Windows 」


Language Processors 

Translators are programs which converts introduction in assembly language and high level language. Computer machine understand only machine codes and programmer understand only high level language or low level language.

Computer machine cannot understand high level language so we convert high level language into the machine language. As the computer accepts digits and character as input.

Translator is a software programming term, is a generic term that could refer to a compiler assembler or interpreter anything that converts high level language into machine code.

Functions of translators

  1. Identify syntax error.
  2. Working out of where the restore the object program and its data.
  3. Providing link.
  4. Printing a listing of source and object programs.
three basic types of translators they are : -

  • Compiler
  • Interpreters 
  • Assemblers
Compiler

  • Compiler is a software that will convert a high level language instructions into equivalent machine level instruction at a time. Compiler is a complex programs when compiler convert high level language into machine language when this process of translation for conversion is called compilation.
  • When compile programs is completed we do not require repeat this program. When changes in the program we use the compiler.
  • Compiler translate the program, compiler create a error report. When we use translate program code in the computer and error is come this error can be crashed over computer. These Error can fixed by changing the original source code and compile the program again.

Interpreter
  • Interpreter also translate the machine high level language into machine language.
  • Interpreter take the one instruction at a time, translate the source code.
  • It is very slow compared to the compiler.
  • When the interpreter translate a line in the entire source code, it is find the error then stops and it is not read the next line of source code so it is slow.
  • It is very useful when you develop the program and you check statement by statement finding fault.
  • Interpreter does not create the executable file, it is not saved object code for future use.

Assemblers
  • Assemblers convert the low level assembly language into machine code.
  • Assembler is a program that takes basic computer instructions and convert them into a pattern of bits that the computer's processor can use to perform its basic operations.
  • The output of the assembler program is called the object code or object program relative to the input source program.
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