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System Software | Device Drivers | Part - 2

Device Driver is a software & this is a type of system software. Driver are need for all the hardware installed in the computer because these drivers help to connect the hardware to the operating system, Without drivers the operating system will not give any commands. "The Driver acts like a bridge between the O/S & Hardware" Which Devices need Drivers : All hardware devices that are unknown to the operating system or Components that the operating system does not understand, drivers are need for them. Some device drivers come with hardware which is available in the CD & Some hardware requires drivers to be downloaded from the internet.  List of hardware device that require drivers : Card Reader Modem Motherboard Chipset Printer Web Cam Wi-fi Adapter Scanner Controller USB Devices Video Card Sound Card Which Devices not need Drivers : Nowadays, many drivers come in the operating system, due to which some hardware does not require drivers tha...

$(Dollar Sign-Normal User) And #(Hash-Super User ) what is difference in Root and Normal user in Kali Linux?

  Hello guys i am Dr Hack Virus

Today's topic is What the difference between Dollar Sign (Normal-User) and Hash Sign (System-Administrator/Super-User/Root-User). This is very important part in ethical hacking and also for Kali Linux Learning user,because if you don't understand the difference in root user and normal user you can't understand the Kali Linux System.

In this topic we cover the many important things so let's start. 

In Kali Linux Terminal we see the sometimes the Dollar Sign - $ And Sometimes the Hash Sign - # but those are different to each other,How they are different let Understand.

Linux Operating System Terminal

Different Operating System have different terminal like-

[me@Linux ~]$

root@Kali:~# 

john@lab-Kali:~$

guest@Linux:~>

Fedora/Cent-OS/Redhat- [guest@Linux ~]$

Debain/Ubuntu - guest@Kali:~$/guest@Ubuntu:~$

SUSE Linux - guest@Linux:~>

All Terminal work on same format: Username@machine-name



Login User Name

guest,tom(Normal_User),root(Administrative) 

It's mean which type user is login in the operating system.

Machine Name/Host Name

Linux O/S,Ubuntu O/S,Fedora O/S

Machine name means which is operating system is work in our computer/Virtual machine(if we use the Vm-Player). 

Current Working Directory(~)

Current Working Directory mean where you are in your system or which folder/Drive are you login now it Represent by this symbol ~


so in the Kali Linux two type user work Normal User And Super User/Root-User

1. Normal-User:- We see the Dollar Sign -$ in command line so it is normal user are login in system.He has not full control and not maximum permission like they can't install software or can't write the system directories. 

Dollar Sign($) -Normal User
tom@Linux:~$

* Sudo Is a Comaand which allow normal user to perform administrative task. 

2. Root-User:- We see the Hash Sign - # in command line/terminal so it is root-user/system-administrator are login in the system.He has the full control on the system.

Hash(#) - Root-User
root@Linux:~#  


हैलो दोस्तों मैं डॉ हैक वायरस हूँ!

आज का विषय यह है कि डॉलर साइन (सामान्य-उपयोगकर्ता) और हैश साइन (सिस्टम-एडमिनिस्ट्रेटर / सुपर-यूज़र / रूट-यूज़र) के बीच अंतर क्या है। यह एथिकल हैकिंग और काली लिनक्स लर्निंग उपयोगकर्ता के लिए बहुत महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा है, क्योंकि यदि आप रूट उपयोगकर्ता और सामान्य उपयोगकर्ता के अंतर को नहीं समझते हैं तो आप काली लिनक्स सिस्टम को नहीं समझ सकते हैं।

काली लिनक्स टर्मिनल में हम कभी-कभी डॉलर साइन - $ और कभी-कभी हैश साइन - # देखते हैं, लेकिन वे एक-दूसरे से भिन्न होते हैं, वे कैसे अलग हैं आइए समझते हैं।

लिनक्स ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम टर्मिनल

अलग-अलग ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में अलग-अलग टर्मिनल होते हैं जैसे-

[me@Linux ~]$

root@Kali:~# 

john@lab-Kali:~$

guest@Linux:~> 

Fedora/Cent-OS/Red-hat- [guest@Linux ~]$

Debian/Ubuntu - guest@Kali:~$/guest@Ubuntu:~$

SUSE Linux - guest@Linux:~>

सभी टर्मिनल एक ही प्रारूप पर काम करते हैं:Username@machine-name 

लॉग इन यूज़र नेम

गेस्ट,टॉम (Normal_User), रूट (प्रशासनिक)

इसका मतलब है कि ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में किस प्रकार का उपयोगकर्ता लॉगिन है।

मशीन का नाम/ होस्ट नाम

Linux O/S,Ubuntu O/S,Fedora O/S

मशीन नाम का अर्थ है जो ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम हमारे कंप्यूटर / वर्चुअल मशीन में काम करता है (यदि हम Vm- प्लेयर का उपयोग करते हैं)।


        Current Working Directory(~)

करंट वर्किंग डायरेक्टरी का मतलब है कि आप अपने सिस्टम में कहां हैं या कौन सा फोल्डर / ड्राइव आप लॉगिन कर रहे हैं अब यह इस सिंबल द्वारा रिप्रेजेंट करते है ~

इसलिए काली लिनक्स में दो प्रकार के उपयोगकर्ता सामान्य उपयोगकर्ता और सुपर उपयोगकर्ता / रूट-उपयोगकर्ता काम करते हैं।

1. सामान्य-उपयोगकर्ता: - हम डॉलर साइन - $ को कमांड लाइन में देखते हैं,यहाँ सामान्य उपयोगकर्ता सिस्टम में लॉगिन है। उसका पूर्ण नियंत्रण नहीं होता है और अधिकतम अनुमति नहीं होती है सिस्टम में जैसे वे सॉफ़्टवेयर स्थापित नहीं कर सकते हैं या सिस्टम निर्देशिका नहीं लिख सकता हैं।

Dollar Sign($) -Normal User
tom@Linux:~$
* सूडो एक कमांड है जो सामान्य उपयोगकर्ता को रुट यूजर के सारे कार्य करने की अनुमति देता है।

2. रूट-यूजर: - हम हैश साइन - # को कमांड लाइन / टर्मिनल में देखते हैं, इसलिए यह रूट-यूजर / सिस्टम-एडमिनिस्ट्रेटर सिस्टम में लॉगिन होता है। और सिस्टम पर उसका पूरा नियंत्रण होता है।

Hash(#) - Root-User
root@Linux:~# 



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